Kuyimitsidwa kwapamwamba kwa Bolt

(1) Kuyimitsidwa kwa bolt:bolt kudzera pa thanthwe lofooka, lotayirira, losakhazikika, lokhazikika mozama ngati thanthwe lokhazikika ndi dothi, limapereka mphamvu zokwanira, kugonjetsa kulemera kwa thanthwe lotsetsereka ndi thupi la dothi ndi mphamvu yotsetsereka, kuteteza phanga kutsetsereka, kugwa.

(2) Extrusion reinforcement effect:bolt ikatsindikitsidwa, malo oponderezedwa amapangidwa mozungulira mozungulira.Mabotiwo amakonzedwa moyenerera kotero kuti madera oponderezana opangidwa ndi mabawuti oyandikana amalumikizana kuti apange madera oponderezana.Malo otayirira m'gawo loponderezedwa amalimbikitsidwa ndi bawuti kuti apititse patsogolo kukhulupirika ndi kunyamula mphamvu.

(3) Kuphatikizika kwa mtengo (arch) zotsatira:bolt ikalowetsedwa mu stratum mozama kwina, strata pansi pa mphamvu yoyimitsa imakanikizana, kukana kukangana kwa interlayer kumawonjezeka, ndipo kupsinjika kwamkati ndi kupotoza kumachepa kwambiri, zomwe zimafanana ndi kutembenuza mtengo wosavuta wamagulu. (arch) kukhala mtengo wophatikizika (arch).Kulimba kwa flexural ndi mphamvu ya matabwa ophatikizika (ma arches) amapangidwa bwino kwambiri, motero amakulitsa mphamvu yonyamula ya stratum.Kuchuluka kwa mphamvu yomangira yoperekedwa ndi bolt, zotsatira zake zimakhala zoonekeratu.

(4) kutalika kwa bawuti:kutalika kokwanira kofunikira pamene bolt imatha kugwira bwino ntchito yake molingana ndi kapangidwe kake.Powerengedwa molingana ndi kuyimitsidwa, ndi kuchuluka kwa kutalika kwa nangula, kutalika kwa kulimbitsa ndi kutalika kowonekera.Powerengedwa molingana ndi ntchito yophatikizika ya mtengo (arch), ndi nthawi 1.2 kuchuluka kwa kutalika kwa mtengo wophatikizika (arch) ndi kutalika kowonekera.Pamtengo weniweni, kutalika kowonjezereka kowonjezereka chifukwa cha mizere yofukula yosagwirizana iyeneranso kuganiziridwa.

(5) Kutalika kwa Nangula:kutalika kwa bolt ya nangula mu stratum yokhazikika imatha kusankhidwa malinga ndi zomwe zachitika kapena kuwerengera.Malinga ndi zomwe mwasankha, ganizirani za nangula ndi m'mimba mwake.Posankha molingana ndi kuwerengera, mgwirizano pakati pa matope ndi bolt ndi mgwirizano pakati pa matope ndi khoma la dzenje uyenera kuganiziridwa.

(6) Kutalika kowonjezera:malinga ndi kutalika kwa thanthwe lozungulira loyimitsidwa motsatira njira ya bawuti, kapena kutalika kwa katundu wozungulira thanthwe, angagwiritsidwenso ntchito kudziwa makulidwe a bwalo lotayirira loyezedwa ndi mafunde acoustic ndiukadaulo wina woyesera.

(7) Mayeso a Bolt kukoka:imodzi mwa njira zowunika momwe mabawuti amagwirira ntchito komanso kudziwa mphamvu yokoka ya bawuti.Bolt isanaphimbidwe ndi shotcrete, bolt tension gauge kapena torsional torque wrench imagwiritsidwa ntchito kuyeza mwachindunji.Mukamanga bawuti, kukakamiza pang'onopang'ono komanso molingana mpaka kuwerengera kwamphamvu kukafika pamtengo wolingana ndi kapangidwe kake, kapena kumasula bawuti, nthawi zambiri musayese zowononga.Bawutiyo itaphimbidwa ndi shotcrete, imatsimikiziridwa ndi chowunikira cha bawuti ndiyeno kuyeza ndi planing.Kuchuluka kwa mabawuti oyeserera kuyenera kuyesedwa molingana ndi 30-50 metres kutalika kwa ngalande kapena ma bolt 300 pagulu, ndipo gulu lililonse lisakhale lochepera 3 mabawuti, omwe amayenera kusankhidwa mofanana kuchokera pamzere wa ma bolt omwe ali gawo lomwelo. poyang'anira.

Anchor rod ndi dongosolo la ndodo lolimbitsa mwala ndi nthaka.

Kupyolera mu kugwedezeka kwa nthawi yaitali kwa bawuti, kuperewera kwa mphamvu ya thanthwe ndi nthaka ndi yotsika kwambiri kuposa mphamvu yopondereza yomwe ingagonjetsedwe.

Pamwamba, amaletsa kulekanitsa miyala ndi nthaka kuchuluka kwa chiyambi.

Macroscopically, imawonjezera mgwirizano wa miyala ndi nthaka.

Kuchokera pamawonedwe amakina, makamaka kuwongolera mgwirizano wa C ndi kugunda kwamkati Angle φ ya miyala yozungulira.

Kwenikweni, bolt ili mu thanthwe ndi nthaka ndipo imapanga zovuta zatsopano.Bawuti muzovutazi imathetsa kuperewera kwa mphamvu yocheperako ya rock mass yozungulira.Motero, mphamvu yonyamula miyala yokhayokha imalimbikitsidwa kwambiri.

Bolt ndiye gawo lofunikira kwambiri pakuthandizira pamsewu mumigodi yamakono yapansi panthaka, yomwe imamangiriza thanthwe lozungulira msewuwo ndikupanga miyala yozungulira yokha.

Thandizo lokha tsopano bawuti silimangogwiritsidwa ntchito m'migodi, komanso limagwiritsidwa ntchito muukadaulo waukadaulo, kulimbikitsanso kotsetsereka, ma tunnel, ma DAMS ndi zina zotero.